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Optimizing the Use of Legume Green Manures in Rotations that Include Corn

機(jī)譯：在包括玉米在內(nèi)的輪作中優(yōu)化使用豆科綠肥

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摘要

Farmers interested in reducing or eliminating the use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers from their cropping systems often use the N2 fixing capabilities of legume green manure crops in their rotations. The dynamics of N mineralization in the soil after a legume crop are complex and are influenced by many environmental factors. For optimum performance, N-supplying legume crops must decompose sufficiently, and at the appropriate time, to contribute adequate amounts of plant-available N to a subsequent N-consuming crop, such as corn. The objectives of this project were to 1) determine the N fertilizer replacement value of two legumes, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), when they were intercropped with oats (Avena sativa L.) and incorporated into the soil in the fall or in the spring preceding a corn (Zea mays L.) crop; and 2) quantify the net N mineralization potential of soil amended with alfalfa and red clover residues during the corn phase of a two-year cropping sequence.
機(jī)譯：有興趣減少或消除作物種植系統(tǒng)中使用的合成氮（N）肥料的農(nóng)民經(jīng)常在輪作中使用豆類綠肥作物的固氮能力。豆類作物種植后土壤中氮礦化的動(dòng)力學(xué)非常復(fù)雜，并受許多環(huán)境因素的影響。為了獲得最佳性能，需供氮的豆類作物必須在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候充分分解，以便為隨后的耗氮作物（例如玉米）貢獻(xiàn)足夠量的植物可用氮。該項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是：1）確定兩類豆類與燕麥（Avena sativa L.）間作后，確定苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）和紅三葉草（Trifolium pratense L.）兩種豆類的氮肥替代價(jià)值。在玉米（Zea mays L.）作物的秋季或春季進(jìn)入土壤； 2）量化在兩年種植序列的玉米期中用苜蓿和紅三葉草殘留物改良過的土壤的凈氮礦化潛力。

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